On the structures in the near-wake region of an elevated turbulent jet in a crossflow,” J. The near-field in the mixing of a round jet with a cross-stream,” J. Global stability of a jet in crossflow,” J. , Google Scholar CrossrefĪ uniformly valid asymptotic solution for a transverse jet and its linear stability analysis,” Philos. Local stability analysis of an inviscid transverse jet,” J. , Google Scholar Crossrefĭirect numerical simulation of round turbulent jets in crossflow,” J. Structural development of vortical flows around a square jets in a cross-flow,” Proc. Large-eddy simulations of a round jet in crossflow,” J. Trajectory and entrainment of a round jet in crossflow,” Phys. On steady and pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jets,” J. Transition to global instability in transverse-jet shear layers,” J. , Google Scholar Scitation, ISIĮlliptic jets in cross-flow,” J. On the development of large-scale structures of a jet normal to a cross flow,” Phys. Mixing, structure and scaling of the jet in crossflow,” J. , Google Scholar Crossref, ISIĪn experimental study of round jets in cross-flow,” J. Vortical structure in the wake of a transverse jet,” J. Structure and mixing of a transverse jet in incompressible flow,” J. The dominating above-orifice topological node in the high-pressure area ensured the anti-kidney vortical growth via the generated local pressure-gradient induced flow acceleration. The anti-kidney vortical growth though was not detected above a square flush jet. The topological shear layer folding and created kidney/anti-kidney vortices above the elevated square cross jet, for 0.25 ≤ R ≤ 4.0, appear consistent with the past measurements for a high aspect ratio elliptic flush jet. With R ≥ 2.5, the lateral jet shear layer experienced an unexpected windward concave warping and restructured to evolve as the anti-kidney third-deck situated above the mid-deck primary kidney vortices. However, the stronger primary pair fast entrained the secondary one close to the orifice edge. For 0.5 ≤ R ≤ 1.2, the double-decked kidney vortices involving the primary and the secondary pairs grew above the central jet column. For the first time, the study displays the triple-deck growth of the kidney and anti-kidney vortices above an elevated square cross jet for 2.5 ≤ R ≤ 4. Significantly, the pulled-up node/ Iv facilitated the above-orifice anti-kidney vortical evolution of the issuing jet shear layer. Distinctly for R = 4, the intruded convective crossflow pulled up the spiral front node/ Iv out of the pipe, which also shifted the onset of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability upward. Moreover, the continuous vortex shedding from the stack created a dominant von Karman-like street that grew along the lower side of the jet wake. For 0.5 < R ≤ 1.2, the Iv partly escapes, as its front side remains attached to the pipe hole and the azimuthally extended lee side moved out in a tilted fashion. The kinematics of the limiting streamlines and separation-attachment patterns along the jet shear layer confirm the presence of the Iv. For R ≤ 0.5, a steady inner-vortex ( Iv) formed in the jet pipe owing to the leading-edge jet shear layer roll up as a spiral node. The present numerical study provides a detailed topology-based understanding of the three-dimensional vortical flow interaction process for an elevated square cross jet of low-to-moderate velocity ratio (0.25 ≤ R ≤ 4.0).
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